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05:08, 2 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Kraak Blue-and-White (Created page with "'''Kraak blue-and-white''' refers to a category of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain produced primarily in Jingdezhen during the late Ming dynasty (late 16th–early 17th century) and characterized by its distinctive panel-structured decorative organization. The term "Kraak" derives from European usage and is historically associated with the reception of these wares rather than their place of manufacture. The defining feature of the group is its structured surface layout,...")
05:04, 2 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Jiajing Daoist Blue-and-White (Created page with "'''Jiajing Daoist Blue-and-White''' refers to a group of blue-and-white porcelains produced during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (1522–1566) of the Ming dynasty, characterized by motifs derived from Daoist cosmology and religious iconography. These vessels were widely used in domestic devotional contexts, including household altars and private shrines, rather than exclusively in temple or state ritual settings. == Historical Context == During the Jiajing reign, the...")
05:01, 2 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Ming Imperial Longquan (Created page with "'''Ming Imperial Longquan''' refers to Longquan celadon wares produced to standards associated with imperial taste and court-directed demand during the early Ming dynasty, particularly under the Hongwu and Yongle reigns (late 14th–early 15th century). These wares are distinguished by refined vessel profiles, thick and evenly applied bluish-green glaze layers, and high-quality stoneware bodies exhibiting precise workmanship. == Historical Context == Following the estab...")
04:56, 2 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Export Longquan (Created page with "'''Export Longquan''' refers to Longquan celadon wares produced specifically for distribution through regional and long-distance trade networks during the Southern Song, Yuan, and Ming periods (12th–16th century). These wares circulated widely through maritime routes linking China with Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean basin, and East Africa. Their archaeological presence in shipwreck cargoes and port sites provides key evidence for the scale and structure of premodern...")
21:18, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Northern Kiln Branch Longquan (Created page with "'''Northern Kiln Branch Longquan''' refers to Longquan-type celadon production undertaken at kiln sites located north of the core Longquan region, primarily in southern Zhejiang and northern Fujian, during the Southern Song through Yuan period. These kilns adopted the material composition, glaze system, and vessel forms associated with Longquan celadon, while exhibiting technical and stylistic variation related to local resources and workshop organization. == Historical...")
21:15, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Classic Longquan (Created page with "'''Classic Longquan''' refers to the mature phase of Longquan celadon production during the Southern Song to Yuan period (12th–14th century), centered in southern Zhejiang Province, particularly around the Dayao and Jincun kiln complexes. These wares are known for their dense stoneware bodies, refined profiles, and distinctive bluish-green glazes valued for their visual resemblance to jade. == Historical Context == The Classic Longquan phase developed as the Longquan...")
21:13, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Early Longquan (Created page with "'''Early Longquan''' (also referred to as '''proto-Longquan''') designates the formative phase of Longquan celadon production during the late Five Dynasties and Northern Song period (10th–early 11th century). These wares were produced in southern Zhejiang, particularly in the Ou River basin around Dayao and related kiln complexes. They represent the technological and stylistic foundation from which the later, mature Longquan celadon tradition emerged. == Historical co...")
20:56, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Guangcai (Created page with "'''Guangcai''' (广彩), also referred to as Canton enamel porcelain, describes porcelain vessels that were decorated with overglaze enamels in Guangzhou (Canton) during the Qing dynasty and continuing into modern practice. The porcelain bodies were typically manufactured at Jingdezhen and then transported to Guangzhou for enamel painting, where workshops specializing in export production applied polychrome decoration suited to overseas commercial demand. == Historical...")
20:52, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Yangcai (Created page with "'''Yangcai''' (洋彩), literally “foreign colors,” refers to overglaze enamel porcelain produced at Jingdezhen during the Qing dynasty in imitation of, and parallel to, the enamel decoration developed in the Beijing imperial workshops (Falangcai). Yangcai uses enamel palettes similar to those of Falangcai, including pink (derived from colloidal gold), soft greens, and opaque pastel tones, but is executed in Jingdezhen kilns rather than in the palace ateliers. == Hi...")
20:48, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Falangcai (Created page with "'''Falangcai''' (珐琅彩) refers to porcelain vessels decorated with overglaze enamels applied in the imperial palace workshops in Beijing during the Qing dynasty. The ware is distinguished by its extremely fine brushwork, highly controlled enamel layers, and the integration of enamel colors adapted from metalwork cloisonné techniques. Falangcai decoration was executed on already-fired porcelain blanks, often produced at Jingdezhen and then transported to Beijing for...")
20:44, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Famille Rose (Created page with "'''Famille Rose''' (粉彩), known in Chinese as 粉彩 (literally “soft / powdered colors”), refers to a porcelain decoration technique that uses opaque, enamel-based overglaze colors including a characteristic rose-pink tone derived from colloidal gold. The palette emerged in the early Qing period and reached maturity in the Yongzheng (1723–1735) and Qianlong (1736–1795) reigns. Famille Rose is distinguished by its fine tonal modulation, layered color applicati...")
20:42, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Doucai ware (Created page with "'''Doucai ware''' (斗彩), literally “joined colors” or “contending colors,” refers to porcelain decoration in which underglaze cobalt blue outlines are combined with overglaze enamel colors, with the two layers visually integrated into a unified design. The technique developed in the Ming dynasty, particularly under the Chenghua reign (1465–1487), and continued into the Qing period with variations in palette and motif structure. == Historical Context == Ear...")
20:38, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Wucai ware (Created page with "'''Wucai ware''' (五彩, literally “Five Colors”) refers to porcelain decorated with a combination of underglaze cobalt blue and overglaze polychrome enamels. The ware was developed at Jingdezhen during the Ming dynasty and continued through the Qing period. Wucai decoration is characterized by a structural division between underglaze linework defining compositional boundaries and overglaze enamels providing chromatic fields after a second, lower-temperature firing....")
08:32, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs deleted page Batang black pottery/en (content was: "'''Batang black pottery''' (巴塘黑陶) refers to the ceramic tradition associated with the Batang region in present-day Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, western Sichuan. The pottery is produced within the cultural sphere of Kham (Khams), one of the major Tibetan cultural regions. The tradition is characterized by hand-built vessel forms, burnishing, unglazed surfaces...", and the only contributor was "FuzzyBot" (talk))
08:31, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs deleted page Batang black pottery/fr (content was: "La céramique noire de Batang (巴塘黑陶) désigne la tradition céramique de la région de Batang, située dans l'actuelle préfecture autonome tibétaine de Ganzi, dans l'ouest du Sichuan. Produite au sein de la sphère culturelle du Kham (Khams), l'une des principales régions culturelles tibétaines, cette céramique se caractérise par des formes façonn...", and the only contributor was "ChineseAdmin" (talk))
08:31, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs deleted page Batang black pottery/de (content was: "Die Bezeichnung „Batang-Schwarzkeramik“ (巴塘黑陶) bezieht sich auf die Keramiktradition der Batang-Region im heutigen Autonomen Bezirk Ganzi der Tibeter im Westen Sichuans. Die Keramik wird im Kulturraum von Kham (Khams), einer der wichtigsten tibetischen Kulturregionen, hergestellt. Charakteristisch für diese Tradition sind handgeformte Gefäße, poli...", and the only contributor was "ChineseAdmin" (talk))
07:11, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/4/fr (Created page with "== Matériaux et techniques de mise en forme == '''Argile :''' L'argile provient de sources locales, notamment des berges de rivières ou des dépôts alluviaux. Un dégraissant minéral peut être ajouté pour améliorer la résistance thermique et réduire les risques de fissuration à la cuisson.")
07:11, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/3/fr (Created page with "Cette tradition céramique s'inscrit dans la culture matérielle plus large du Kham, qui comprend le travail du bois, le travail des métaux, le tissage et la construction architecturale en bois.")
07:11, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/2/fr (Created page with "== Contexte culturel et géographique == Batang est située sur des routes historiques reliant le plateau tibétain, le bassin du Sichuan et les corridors commerciaux du sud-est. La production de céramique s'est développée au sein des économies domestiques des hauts plateaux, où la poterie servait à la cuisson, au stockage et à la préparation collective des aliments. Cet artisanat est traditionnellement pratiqué à l'échelle du foyer ou du village, et le savoir...")
07:11, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Batang black pottery/fr (Created page with "La céramique noire de Batang (巴塘黑陶) désigne la tradition céramique de la région de Batang, située dans l'actuelle préfecture autonome tibétaine de Ganzi, dans l'ouest du Sichuan. Produite au sein de la sphère culturelle du Kham (Khams), l'une des principales régions culturelles tibétaines, cette céramique se caractérise par des formes façonnées à la main, un polissage soigné, des surfaces non émaillées et une cuisson en réduction qui lui confè...") Tag: translate-translation-pages
07:11, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/1/fr (Created page with "La céramique noire de Batang (巴塘黑陶) désigne la tradition céramique de la région de Batang, située dans l'actuelle préfecture autonome tibétaine de Ganzi, dans l'ouest du Sichuan. Produite au sein de la sphère culturelle du Kham (Khams), l'une des principales régions culturelles tibétaines, cette céramique se caractérise par des formes façonnées à la main, un polissage soigné, des surfaces non émaillées et une cuisson en réduction qui lui confè...")
07:11, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/Page display title/fr (Created page with "Poterie noire de Batang")
07:10, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs performed unknown action "pagetranslation/mark" on Batang black pottery
06:55, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs performed unknown action "pagetranslation/deletelok" on Batang black pottery/en
06:30, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/20/de (Created page with "== Literaturverzeichnis == * Institut für Kulturerbe der Provinz Sichuan. „Materielle Kulturen der Region Ganzi“. * Institut für Anthropologie der Chinesischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. „Ethnographische Studien der Kham-Gemeinschaften“. * Li Zhiyan et al. (Hrsg.). „Regionale Handwerkstraditionen Westchinas“.")
06:30, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/19/de (Created page with "== Verwandte Seiten == * Li-Keramik * Qiongya-Schwarzkeramik * Tibetische Kulturregionen * Sichuan * Ethnografisches Kunsthandwerk Chinas")
06:29, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/18/de (Created page with "== Kulturelle und historische Bedeutung == Die Batang-Schwarzkeramik ist aus folgenden Gründen von Bedeutung: * Sie repräsentiert eine Hochlandkeramiktradition, die sich von den Keramiksystemen der Han-Dynastie im Tiefland unterscheidet. * Sie belegt die langjährige Kontinuität der Handformungs- und Reduktionsbrandtechniken. * Sie liefert materielle Zeugnisse des Alltagslebens in tibetischen Kulturregionen. * Sie trägt zur dokumentierten Vielfalt der Keramikprakt...")
06:29, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/17/de (Created page with "Wo die Produktion wiederbelebt wird, wird sie als Erhaltung der regionalen Identität innerhalb des kulturellen Erbes des Hochlands verstanden.")
06:29, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/16/de (Created page with "== Kontinuität und aktuelle Praxis == In einigen Gemeinschaften wird die schwarze Batang-Keramik weiterhin verwendet, während sie in anderen durch Metall- und Massenware verdrängt wurde. Zeitgenössische Fortführungen finden sich in: * Lokaler Haushaltsgebrauch * Programmen zur Bewahrung des kulturellen Erbes und des lokalen Kulturerbes * Demonstrationsworkshops in tibetischen Handwerkszentren")
06:29, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/15/de (Created page with "Die Keramikproduktion kann mit traditionellen Handwerksberufen von Frauen in Verbindung gebracht werden, wobei die Muster je nach Region variieren.")
06:29, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/14/de (Created page with "== Soziale und kulturelle Funktion == Batang-Keramik diente historisch folgenden Zwecken: * Kochen und Aufbewahren im häuslichen Bereich innerhalb der Subsistenzwirtschaft * Gemeinsame Zubereitung von Speisen im dörflichen Kontext * Alltagsgefäße für die Zubereitung von tibetischem Buttertee und Getreidegerichten")
06:29, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/13/de (Created page with "Die Formen werden eher von Stabilität und Haltbarkeit als von ausdrucksstarker Konturierung bestimmt.")
06:29, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/12/de (Created page with "== Formtypologie == Gängige Gefäßtypen sind: * Kochtöpfe mit abgerundeter Form * Vorratsgläser mit mittlerem Fassungsvermögen * Servierschüsseln mit leicht verdicktem Rand * Gefäße für Wasser oder Buttertee, geeignet für den täglichen Gebrauch im Haushalt")
06:28, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/11/de (Created page with "Die Oberflächenfärbung resultiert aus der Kohlenstoffretention im Tonkörper während des sauerstoffarmen Brennvorgangs.")
06:28, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/10/de (Created page with "== Brennvorgang == Batang-Keramik wird gebrannt in: * Offenen oder halboffenen Brenngruben * Niedrigen bis mittleren Temperaturen (typischerweise unter ca. 1100 °C) * Reduzierender Atmosphäre, wodurch die Oberfläche schwarz wird")
06:28, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/9/de (Created page with "Dekorative Strukturen betonen Kontinuität und proportionalen Rhythmus anstatt bildhafter Darstellungen.")
06:28, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/8/de (Created page with "'''Verzierung:''' Die Verzierung ist zurückhaltend und typischerweise geometrisch. Dazu gehören: * Eingravierte Bänder an Rändern oder Schultern * Wiederholte Stempelmuster * Rhythmische Linienfolgen, die die Oberflächenstruktur bestimmen")
06:28, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/7/de (Created page with "== Oberflächenbehandlung == ''''Polieren:''' Die Gefäße werden mit glatten Steinen oder Holzwerkzeugen poliert, um die Oberflächenpartikel zu verdichten und einen matten Glanz zu erzeugen.")
06:28, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/6/de (Created page with "Die Wände sind im Allgemeinen dicker als bei Keramik aus dem Tiefland der Han-Dynastie, aufgrund folgender Gründe: * Funktionale Anforderungen beim Kochen in großer Höhe * Kontrollierte Wärmespeicherung für die Zubereitung von Speisen über dem Herd")
06:27, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/5/de (Created page with "'''Formgebungsverfahren:''' * Coil-Aufbau und Paddel-Amboss-Formgebung sind Standardverfahren. * Profil und Wandstärke werden durch wiederholtes Formen und Verdichten kontrolliert. * Der Einsatz von Walzen ist minimal oder entfällt; die Gefäßgeometrie ergibt sich aus der Handformung.")
06:27, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/4/de (Created page with "== Materialien und Formgebungstechniken == '''Ton:''' Der Ton wird lokal aus Flussufern oder alluvialen Ablagerungen gewonnen. Mineralische Magerungsmittel können hinzugefügt werden, um die thermische Beständigkeit zu verbessern und Rissbildung beim Brennen zu reduzieren.")
06:27, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/3/de (Created page with "Diese Keramiktradition ist in die breitere materielle Kultur von Kham eingebettet, zu der auch Holzbearbeitung, Metallbearbeitung, Weberei und architektonischer Holzbau gehören.")
06:27, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Batang black pottery/de (Created page with "Die Bezeichnung „Batang-Schwarzkeramik“ (巴塘黑陶) bezieht sich auf die Keramiktradition der Batang-Region im heutigen Autonomen Bezirk Ganzi der Tibeter im Westen Sichuans. Die Keramik wird im Kulturraum von Kham (Khams), einer der wichtigsten tibetischen Kulturregionen, hergestellt. Charakteristisch für diese Tradition sind handgeformte Gefäße, polierte Oberflächen, unglasierte Oberflächen und ein Reduktionsbrand, der eine schwarze oder dunkelgraue Färbun...")
06:27, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/2/de (Created page with "== Kultureller und geografischer Kontext == Batang liegt an historischen Handelsrouten, die das tibetische Hochland, das Sichuan-Becken und südöstliche Handelskorridore miteinander verbinden. Die Keramikproduktion entwickelte sich im Rahmen der Binnenwirtschaft des Hochlands, wo Töpferwaren zum Kochen, Aufbewahren und zur gemeinsamen Zubereitung von Speisen dienten. Das Handwerk wird traditionell im kleinen Kreis von Haushalten oder Dörfern ausgeübt, wobei das Wisse...")
06:27, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/1/de (Created page with "Die Bezeichnung „Batang-Schwarzkeramik“ (巴塘黑陶) bezieht sich auf die Keramiktradition der Batang-Region im heutigen Autonomen Bezirk Ganzi der Tibeter im Westen Sichuans. Die Keramik wird im Kulturraum von Kham (Khams), einer der wichtigsten tibetischen Kulturregionen, hergestellt. Charakteristisch für diese Tradition sind handgeformte Gefäße, polierte Oberflächen, unglasierte Oberflächen und ein Reduktionsbrand, der eine schwarze oder dunkelgraue Färbun...")
06:26, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Special:Badtitle/NS1198:Batang black pottery/Page display title/de (Created page with "Batang-Schwarzkeramik")
06:26, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs performed unknown action "pagetranslation/mark" on Batang black pottery
06:21, 1 November 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs changed group membership for ChineseAdmin: granted translator; kept bureaucrat, interface administrator and administrator unchanged
21:55, 31 October 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Underglaze Red (Created page with "'''Underglaze Red''' (釉下红) refers to porcelain decorated with copper-based pigment applied beneath a transparent glaze, fired at high temperature. The tradition developed at Jingdezhen beginning in the Yuan period, achieved technical refinement under the Xuande reign (1426–1435) of the Ming dynasty, and continued with variation in the Qing period. Underglaze red is technically distinct from overglaze enamels and from underglaze-blue decoration, requiring precise...")
21:51, 31 October 2025 ChineseAdmin talk contribs created page Category:Qingbai ware (Created blank page)